WATER
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TYPES

SWEET WATER (2,5%)

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GLACIERS & ICE CAPS

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UNDERGROUND WATER

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LAKES

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RIVERS

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SALT WATER (97,5%)

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OCEANS

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SEAS

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DIFFERENCES

The omni-ocean, i.e. the area of all oceans and seas connected with each other, covers approx. 71% of the surface of our planet. Thanks to the connection of the waters, their level is essentially the same. However, various factors can cause short-term or periodic changes in this level in some part of the ocean. There are 4 oceans on Earth, the borders of which are formed by land and conventional lines drawn by man.

We distinguish:
  • Pacific Ocean, covering almost half of the world's oceans,
  • the Atlantic Ocean, which is about 25% of the ocean,
  • Indian Ocean (approx. 21%),
  • Arctic Ocean (approx. 4%).
There are also classifications distinguishing 3 (then the Arctic Ocean is not separated) or 5 oceans (the waters around Antarctica are then considered the Southern Ocean).

Some parts of the oceans are customarily called seas. There are generally 5 main sea types:
  • open seas (without a clear boundary with the ocean),
  • coastal seas (limited by land and archipelagos of islands or peninsulas),
  • inter-island seas (surrounded by islands),
  • intercontinental Mediterranean Seas (bounded by the shores of two continents),
  • Intercontinental Mediterranean Seas (surrounded by the lands of one continent).
The parts of the sea surrounded by land on three sides are called bays, and the narrowing of the water area separating two land areas are called straits.

USAGE

Water is the most widespread and at the same time the most important chemical compound on our planet. It is the only substance that exists in three states of aggregation. Water, as liquid and ice, covers 70% of the Earth's surface, and as water vapor it is an important component of the surrounding atmosphere. It plays a huge role in nature.

It is essential for the life processes of living organisms and plants, e.g. in the process of photosynthesis, in geochemical processes, e.g. in weathering of rocks. Water, thanks to its high thermal capacity (storing huge amounts of heat), protects living organisms against overheating and colds, and also, due to the extraordinary temperature expansion, the surface layer of water freezing does not sink, but remains on the surface - thanks to this,
water reservoirs do not freeze until to the bottom, which is of great importance for organisms that overwinter in the water. The role of water in human life is equally huge. In the human body it is hers about 75%, so it is obvious that the body's water resources must be constantly replenished.

Although it is not a nutrient, life would not exist without it. Man without food it can survive for several weeks, without water it would die after a few days. Water is particularly used in the household, in agriculture, in water transport, in production electricity (in hydropower plants, the water drives the turbines that generate electricity, and in thermal and nuclear power plants, water is used as coolant), in all industries (as a raw material for production and as an environment for production processes).

PROPERTIES

Water is polar. Water molecules are polar, with partial positive charges on the hydrogens, a partial negative charge on the oxygen, and a bent overall structure.
Water is an excellent solvent. Water has the unique ability to dissolve many polar and ionic substances.As water travels through the water cycle, it takes many valuable nutrients along with it!
Water has high heat capacity. It takes a lot of energy to raise the temperature of a certain amount of water by a degree, so water helps with regulating temperature in the environment.
Water has high heat of vaporization. Humans (and other animals that sweat) use water’s high heat of vaporization to cool off. Water is converted from its liquid form to steam when the heat of vaporization is reached. This is known as evaporative cooling.
Cohesive and adhesive properties. Water molecules have strong cohesive forces due to their ability to form hydrogen bonds with one another. Cohesive forces are responsible for surface tension, the tendency of a liquid’s surface to resist rupture when placed under tension or stress.
Water is less dense as a solid than as a liquid. As water freezes, the molecules form a crystalline structure that spaces the molecules further apart than in liquid water. Ice is less dense than liquid water, which is why it floats.
Common mistakes and misconceptions
Water dissolves everything because it is the “universal solvent." Water has the ability to dissolve many substances but the term “universal solvent" is misleading. Water is able to dissolve other polar molecules and ions, such as sugars and salts. However, non-polar molecules like oils lack partial positive or partial negative charges, so they are not attracted to water molecules. This is why non-polar substances like oil remain separate when added to water.
Water is polar. Water molecules are polar, with partial positive charges on the hydrogens, a partial negative charge on the oxygen, and a bent overall structure.
Water has high heat of vaporization. Humans (and other animals that sweat) use water’s high heat of vaporization to cool off. Water is converted from its liquid form to steam when the heat of vaporization is reached. This is known as evaporative cooling.
Water is an excellent solvent. Water has the unique ability to dissolve many polar and ionic substances.As water travels through the water cycle, it takes many valuable nutrients along with it!
Cohesive and adhesive properties. Water molecules have strong cohesive forces due to their ability to form hydrogen bonds with one another. Cohesive forces are responsible for surface tension, the tendency of a liquid’s surface to resist rupture when placed under tension or stress.
Water has high heat capacity. It takes a lot of energy to raise the temperature of a certain amount of water by a degree, so water helps with regulating temperature in the environment.
Water is less dense as a solid than as a liquid. As water freezes, the molecules form a crystalline structure that spaces the molecules further apart than in liquid water. Ice is less dense than liquid water, which is why it floats.
Common mistakes and misconceptions
Water dissolves everything because it is the “universal solvent." Water has the ability to dissolve many substances but the term “universal solvent" is misleading. Water is able to dissolve other polar molecules and ions, such as sugars and salts. However, non-polar molecules like oils lack partial positive or partial negative charges, so they are not attracted to water molecules. This is why non-polar substances like oil remain separate when added to water.